thumb|Young Housewife, Oil on canvas. The Russian Museum, [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg, Russia.]]Housewife is a term used to describe a married woman whose main occupation is running or operating the family's home—caring for and educating her children, cooking and storing food, buying goods the family needs in day to day life, cleaning or maintaining parts of the home, making clothes for the family, etc.—and who does not generally maintain employment outside the home. Merriam Webster describes a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household. Homemaker is a mainly American gender-neutral term for a housewife or also a stay-at-home dad.

The term may sometimes be used in a derogatory sense, as part of a contrast with a career woman.

The term has also been used since the 18th century to refer to a small sewing kit, and is still used to describe a personal sewing kit used by soldiers and others, usually written and pronounced "hussif" in Britain.

SAHM is an abbreviation that refers to a "stay at home mom".

Multicultural norms

In rural studies, the word "housewife" is occasionally used to refer to the person who does the majority of the chores within a farm's compound as opposed to field and livestock work.

India

Being a diverse country, India has different approaches in different ethnic groups.

In a Hindu family, the head of the family is the ''Griha Swami''(Lord of the House) and his wife is the ''Griha Swamini''(Lady of the House). The Sanskrit words ''Grihast'' and ''Grihasta'' perhaps come closest to describing the entire gamut of activities and roles undertaken by the householder or housewife. ''Grih'' is the Sanskrit root for house or home; Grihasta and Grihast are derivatives of this root, as is Grihastya. The couple lives in the state called ''Grihastashram'' or family system and together they nurture the family and help its members (both young and old) through the travails of life. They are a housewife team. The woman who increments the family tree and protects the procreated wealth of the family is described as the ''Grihalakshmi'' (the wealth of the house) and ''Grihashoba'' (the glory of the house). The elders of the family are known as ''Grihshreshta''. The husband or wife may engage in countless other activities which may be social, religious, political or economic in nature for the ultimate welfare of the family and society. However, their unified status as a householder or housewife is the nucleus from within which they operate in society. This 'status', as housewives, anchors them in society and provides meaning to their activities within the social, religious, political and economic framework of their world. However, as India is modernising, lots of women are in employment, particularly in the larger cities such as Mumbai or Delhi, where most women will work.

In Muslim families, use of the term housewife (or its equivalent) is uncommon, even though housewives are very common and stay-at-home husbands are extremely rare. Muslim society sets different expectations for the husband and wife, but respects their individuality. Families are generally viewed as sets and not units.

China

In imperial China (excluding periods of the Tang dynasty when women had higher status in society), women were bound to homemaking by the doctrines of Confucianism and cultural norms. Generally, girls did not attend school and, therefore, spent the day following their mothers and female relatives in household chores (for example, cooking and cleaning), which would assist them after their marriages. In most cases, the husband was alive and able to work, so the wife was almost always forbidden to take a job and mainly spent her days at home or doing other domestic tasks. As Confucianism spread across East Asia, this social norm was also observed in Korea, Japan and Vietnam.

After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, these norms were gradually loosened and many women were able to enter the workforce. Shortly thereafter, a growing number of females began to be permitted to attend schools; China's literacy rate rose to 85% for females in just a few years' time. Starting with the rule of the People's Republic of China in 1949, all women were freed from compulsory family roles. During the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, some women were required by the government to do heavy work that they were not physically suited for. This policy was later abolished.

In modern China, housewives are no longer as common, especially in the largest cities and other urban areas. Nearly all women work simply because one person's income is insufficient to support the family, a decision made easier by the fact that it is common for Chinese grandparents to watch after their grandchildren until they are old enough to go to school. Nonetheless, the number of Chinese housewives has been steadily rising in recent years as China's economy expands.

Formal education

In previous decades, there were a large number of mandatory courses for young women to learn the skills of housework. In high school, courses included sewing, cooking, nutrition, home economics, family and consumer science (also known as F.A.C.S) and food and cooking hygiene. More recently, these courses have been mostly abolished, and many people of both sexes in high school and college would be more likely to explore resources on the more academic topics of child development, child psychology and managing children's behaviour.

Modern mothers

Some contemporary women are leaving the paid workforce and concentrating full-time on child-rearing; particularly through their child(ren)'s early years (before entering kindergarten). There is considerable variability within the stay-at-home mother population with regard to their intent to return to the paid workforce. Some plan to work from their homes, some will do part-time work, some intend to return to part or full-time work when their children have reached school age, some may increase their skill sets by returning to higher education, and others may find it economically feasible to refrain from entering (or re-entering) the paid workforce.

Similarly, there is considerable variation in the stay-at-home mother's attitude towards domestic work not related to caring for children. Some may embrace a traditional role of housewife, cooking and cleaning in addition to caring for children. Others see their primary role as that of child-care providers, supporting their children's physical, intellectual, and emotional development while sharing or outsourcing other aspects of home care

Economics

Some feminists, and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism) note that the monetary contribution of housewives' work to society is ignored in standard formulations of economic output, such as GDP or employment figures. Housewives work many unrecorded hours a week, while depending for money on their husbands' employment.

See also

Gender roles in agriculture

Good Wife's Guide

Home and family blog

Soccer mom

References

Further reading

Campbell, D'Ann. ''Women at War with America: Private Lives in a Patriotic Era'' (1984), on World War II

Draznin, Yaffa Claire. ''Victorian London's Middle-Class Housewife: What She Did All Day'' (2001) 227pp

McMillan, James F. ''Housewife or Harlot: The Place of Women in French Society, 1870-1940'' (1981) 229pp

Ogden, Annegret S. ''The Great American Housewife: From Helpmate to Wage Earner, 1776-1986'' (1987)

Palmer, Phyllis. ''Housewives and Domestic Servants in the United States, 1920-1945.'' (1990)

Ramey, Valerie A., “Time Spent in Home Production in the Twentieth-Century United States: New Estimates from Old Data,” ''Journal of Economic History,'' 69 (March 2009), 1–47.

Robertson, Una A. ''Illustrated History of the Housewife, 1650-1950'' (1997) 218pp on Britain

Sim, Alison. ''Tudor Housewife,'' (1996), on 1480 to 1609

Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. ''Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750'' (1982)

External links

Home Economics Archive: Tradition, Research, History (HEARTH), An e-book collection of over 1,000 classic books on home economics spanning 1850 to 1950, created by Cornell University's Mann Library.

Category:Home economics Category:Marriage

ar:ربة منزل ca:Mestressa de casa de:Hausfrau es:Ama de casa eo:Dommastrumado fa:خانه‌داری fr:Femme au foyer he:עקרת בית nl:Huisvrouw ja:主婦 pt:Dona-de-casa simple:Homemaker sv:Hemmafru tr:Ev hanımı zh:家庭主婦

name	Jay Brannan
background	solo_singer
birth date	March 29, 1982
instrument	singing, guitar
occupation	singer-songwriter
years active	2006–present
label	Great Depression Records Nettwerk
website	jaybrannan.com
notable instruments	}}

Jay Brannan (born March 29, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Texas and briefly studied in Ohio, but moved to California to become an actor. Brannan appeared in the 2006 movie ''Shortbus'', which included one of his songs in its soundtrack, and began to build a fan base by performing on YouTube. He released an EP and acted in ''Holding Trevor'' in 2007. Since then, he has toured and released two albums.

Early life and career

Brannan was born 1982 in Texas in a middle-class family and grew up as the son of a petroleum engineer and a teacher. He described his family as conservative Baptists and discussed their difficulty with accepting his homosexuality. Brannan went to college for one semester in Cincinnati, Ohio, and went to California, first to Palm Springs and later to Los Angeles, trying to become an actor. In 2002, he was shown a casting notice and, after the end of a relationship, moved to New York City and submitted an audition tape.

Brannan was cast in 2003 for the movie ''Shortbus'', which featured him in an explicit sex scene, and worked as a proofreader and in other jobs to support himself. He contributed the song "Soda Shop" to the film's soundtrack, which he stated was his "first professionally recorded track". The song was also released on Team Love Records. Brannan began to record sparse music videos for YouTube, accompanying himself on the guitar, and built an international fan base without corporate sponsorship, using MySpace and Blogspot. In 2007, he appeared in the movie ''Holding Trevor'' as the promiscuous best friend of the protagonist, and released a limited-edition EP with fours songs named ''disasterpiece'' or ''Unmastered'', adding two additional songs for a 2008 re-release.

In July 2008, Brannan released the album ''goddamned'' through his own label, Great Depression Records, and toured ten dates, a departure from his previous practice of short tours of about four concerts. The same year, Brannan left his proofreading job and sustained himself with earnings from concerts and merchandise. His second album, ''In Living Cover'', was released in 2009 and reached number ten on the ''Billboard'' Top Heatseekers chart for the week of July 25, 2009. Brannan promoted the album in an interview on ABC News's ''Now'' in July 2009.

Style

Brannan is a tenor. Allmusic described his style as contemporary singer-songwriter and compared him to female artists, including Ani DiFranco, Lisa Loeb, Sinéad O'Connor, and Liz Phair. ''Goddamned'' was described as lo-fi and Brannan compared his concerts to intimate performances in his home. He has performed with Terra Naomi and both were compared in style and described as performing indie folk. ''The New York Times'' stated in 2006 that Brannan was sometimes compared to singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright and that Brannan saw himself as echoing the angry and sad sound of female singers like Tracy Chapman and Joni Mitchell.

Discography

;EPs

''Unmastered'' (aka ''disasterpiece'') (2007, re-released 2008 with additional tracks)

;Albums

''Goddamned'' (2008)

''In Living Cover'' (2009)

''Rob Me Blind'' (2012)

;Songs

"Soda Shop" (track on the 2006 ''Shortbus'' soundtrack)

"Lower My Gun" (track on the 2008 ''Holding Trevor'' soundtrack)

"My Love, My Love" and "Takeoff" (two tracks on the 2011 ''Cloudburst'' soundtrack)

Filmography

''Shortbus'' as Ceth (2006)

''Holding Trevor'' as Jake (2007)

References

External links

jaybrannan.com. Official website.

Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Texas Category:American film actors Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American tenors Category:Bedroom musicians Category:Singers from New York City

ar:جاي برانن bg:Джей Бренън de:Jay Brannan es:Jay Brannan fr:Jay Brannan id:Jay Brannan it:Jay Brannan nl:Jay Brannan no:Jay Brannan pl:Jay Brannan pt:Jay Brannan ru:Брэннан, Джей simple:Jay Brannan fi:Jay Brannan sv:Jay Brannan zh:杰伊·布兰南

name	The Cribs
background	group_or_band
origin	Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England
genre	Indie rock, garage rock, punk rock, lo-fi
years active	2000–present
label	Wichita, Warner Bros., Universal
website
current members	Gary JarmanRyan JarmanRoss Jarman
past members	Johnny Marr }}

The Cribs are an English three-piece indie rock band originally from Wakefield, West Yorkshire. The band consists of twins Gary and Ryan Jarman and their younger brother Ross Jarman. They were subsequently joined by ex-The Smiths and Modest Mouse guitarist Johnny Marr who was made a formal member of the group in 2008. Marr would remain as part of the band until 2011; his departure was officially announced on 11 April through the band's website. Despite returning to the original trio, the band currently enlists David Jones of Nine Black Alps as a second guitarist for live shows. The band, who first became active on the concert circuit in 2002, were initially tied to other like-minded UK bands of that time, most notably The Libertines, by a British music press that were looking for a 'British rearguard' to the wave of popular US alternative rock bands of the time. They had outgrown this tag by the time of the commercial success of their third LP. In 2008, ''Q'' magazine described the band as "The biggest cult band in the UK".

History

Formation and early years (2001–2003)

The Cribs were formed in late 2001 as a recording project for the three brothers, who had set up their own Springtime Studios, a lo-fi, all analogue affair in an ancient mill. After recording a demo and garnering label interest, the band started playing live around this time, at venues like the Brudenell Social Club in Leeds, and "squats and warehouse parties" with artists such as Calvin Johnston, Subway Sect, Herman Dune, and Ballboy. They also released a split 7" single on Leeds based garage/riot grrrl/punk label Squirrel Records during this period with former Shove/Boyskout member Jen Schande. Limited to 300 copies on blue vinyl the record is now a rarity that sells for upwards of $150 on eBay. According to Mojo magazine, 'On the strength of one demo, the rush to find the UK Strokes saw the three-piece fielding calls from major labels, pluggers and label managers' in 2002. After several high profile support slots, the band signed to the fledgling independent label Wichita Recordings in 2003 "we thought (they) were great because they sounded a bit like Pavement and had a big hook. We went to see them at the Metro on Oxford Street and completely fell in love with them. They seemed like such an obvious pop band. Every song sounded like a single" - Mark Bowen, Wichita Recordings.

''The Cribs'' (2004)

After signing with Wichita Recordings, the band began re-recording many of the songs from the original demo, as well as several new tracks for what would be their debut record. Sessions began in London with Chicago based avant-garde musician Bobby Conn producing, after the band had supported him on some UK dates and impressed him "They had this cassette demo they had recorded on a boom-box, I suggested overdubs, they were too kitchen-sink for overdubs. I tried handclaps, they were 'not sure about handclaps'. It was all 'Keep it real'" - Bobby Conn. Then sessions moved to Toe Rag Studios studios in Hackney with the band self-producing. The album was completed in 7 days, live to 8-track tape, with Ed Deegan engineering.

Released on 8 March 2004, the album found early supporters in the NME, who commented on it’s "supreme pop melodies", and referred to it as "lo-fi, hi fun" giving it an 8/10 review. Lo-fi would be a term that would follow the band around for the next few years, and something that became synonymous with the group. Again, from the NME in 2011: "Recorded in a week, it's the definition of indie lo-fi. But not willful indie lo-fi; the scratches, clangs and gawwumps all heard here are genuinely the product of the trio's shoestring methods rather than the usual contrived fuzz that bands spend ages poring over beaten up eight-tracks to achieve". Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq was also an early champion. Lois Wilson of ''Mojo'' magazine described the album in 2009 as "intelligent lyrics on a background of clipped guitars and tumbling drums, with nods to The Strokes, Beat Happening, and C86's inept charm" Three singles were released from the album – the limited edition 7" only "Another Number"/"Baby Don’t Sweat" in November 2003, followed by first single proper "You Were Always the One", which climbed to #2 in the indie charts. "What About Me" was the third and final single from the album, again making the indie top 10. The Cribs toured extensively throughout 2004 and into 2005, both as headliners as well as supporting artists like old friend Bobby Conn, Death Cab For Cutie and The Libertines. Over the campaign they toured the UK and Ireland, Europe, Japan, and the USA, as well as several significant international festival appearances such as Reading and Leeds Festivals, Summersonic, T in the Park and Pukkelpop amongst others. Though only a moderate underground success at the time "Another Number" has gone on to become one of the bands most enduring ‘hits’ – seldom being left off the set-list and usually accompanied by a full crowd sing-along of the signature, repeated guitar riff.

''The New Fellas'' (2005–2006)

After concluding touring duties for the first record, the band were taken off the road to start writing the follow up. However, The Cribs decided they still wanted to tour and took to posting their phone numbers and email addresses on the internet, professing to play anywhere for fuel money and a crate of beer. This DIY approach is something the band and label now feel was a key factor in their success, as it helped nurture a very strong, passionate fanbase.

The New Fellas, the band's second album release, was recorded with Edwyn Collins, the singer-songwriter and guitarist from Glasgow's influential Orange Juice in London at his own West Heath Studios. Again, it was a comparatively unpolished record sonically, as both the producer Collins and the band themselves were achieving sounds similar to those heard on the Orange Juice records. This was, however, the intention and the reason the band and producer were put together. "They had definite ideas what they wanted the record to sound like…They had this work ethic, there was nothing spoiled about them - they were proper indie; everything done on a shoe-string and they just got on with it….they were tremendous" - Edwyn Collins. One song, "Haunted", was even recorded on Scarborough beach on a whim, after hearing a Steve Martin ukulele duet recorded on a beach.

The first release from the record was the single "Hey Scenesters!" on 18 April 2005. It reached no. 27 in the UK charts, and started their run of 7 consecutive top 40 singles. The album followed on 20 June 2005 although it had leaked onto the internet several months prior to the official release date, hampering its first week sales. The record has however, gone on to be certified Silver by the BPI, and in a recent poll held by the NME was proved to be the overall fans favourite record. The other singles released from the record were "Mirror Kissers", "Martell", and non album track "You're Gonna Lose Us" (produced by Bernard Butler), which was paired with "The Wrong Way To Be" as a AA side. The extensive New Fellas world tour took in several UK tours, Europe, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Scandinavia, and their first trip to Iceland. They appeared at numerous festivals at this time, including an appearance on the main stage at Reading and Leeds Festivals (becoming the first band to ever progress through all three stages in consecutive years), headlining the tent at T in the Park, Fuji Rock festival in Japan as well as an extensive USA arena tour with Death Cab for Cutie and Franz Ferdinand. A European tour during this period with ex Pavement man Stephen Malkmus and The Jicks would introduce Gary to his future wife Joanna Bolme.

Shortly before their appearance at the Fuji Rock festival, The Cribs released a Japan-only mini album called ''Arigato Cockers'', made up of B-sides and rarities from both the first and second albums.

In their year-end issue, the NME made The New Fellas the #11 album of the year, and Hey Scenesters a single of the year.

''Men's Needs, Women's Needs, Whatever'' (2007–2008)

At the conclusion of The New Fellas campaign, The Cribs signed a major label deal with Warner Bros. Records – though they remained on Wichita in the UK at the bands insistence. 
The subsequent album, ''Men's Needs, Women's Needs, Whatever'' saw the band finally take steps to progress forth from their 'lo-fi' roots, being recorded in Vancouver, BC, Canada with Alex Kapranos of Franz Ferdinand as producer. The band and producer had met during the US tour the bands did together with Death Cab for Cutie, and hit it off immediately. The album was mixed by Andy Wallace (Nirvana, Foo Fighters). They collaborated with Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth on the track "Be Safe" – Ranaldo contributing his spoken word poetry to the bands music.

Prior to the records release The Cribs took in a run of small UK club dates to preview songs from the new record. This is documented in the first Cribs documentary ''Leave Too Neat''. The first cut from the album was the single "Men's Needs", released on 7 May. It proved to be the bands first breakthrough with mainstream radio and reached no. 17 in the UK charts, becoming their biggest hit to date. The accompanying video, filmed in Hollywood by director Diane Martel has achieved over 7 million Youtube views to date.

The album was released on 21 May 2007, and entered the UK album charts at #13.

Touring began at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 30 March for the Teenage Cancer Trust. The rest of 2007 and most of 2008 was spent on the road promoting the record, taking in extensive UK and European touring, several USA and Canada tours, Japan, and the bands first trip out to Mexico for a main stage appearance at the MX Beat Festival, as well as some later headline shows. During their US touring schedules they appeared on ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'', ''The Late Show with David Letterman'', and the ''Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''.

The second single to be released from the record was "Moving Pictures", again charting in the UK Top 40, and then later a 7" only release of "I'm a Realist". The latter was backed with a cover of The Replacements song "Bastards of Young", a band The Cribs cite as a large influence. Another non-album single "Don't You Wanna Be Relevant" was paired with album cut "Our Bovine Public" and again climbed to the UK top 40. There were numerous festival slots around this time including main stage slots at Lollapalooza, T in the Park, and V festival, as well as returning to Fuji Rock, and a first time appearance at Coachella amongst others. In November 2007, The Cribs were invited by a re-formed The Sex Pistols to play with them for three nights at Brixton Academy in celebration of the 30 year anniversary of ''Never Mind the Bollocks'' In December the band announced three intimate shows at their old haunt the Brudenell Social Club in aid of Cystic Fibrosis where they would play all three albums to date in sequence with secret unannounced support bands each night (Franz Ferdinand, Kate Nash, and Kaiser Chiefs respectively). This was documented for the bands second DVD, the 3 disc ''Live at the Brudenell Social Club''. In the year-end issues "Men's Needs" was named third-best track of 2007 by NME with the album coming in at #9, Track of the Year 2007 by the Metro newspaper and finishing in the 100 best tracks in ''Rolling Stone'' magazine in the USA.

2008 began with The Cribs being nominated for 4 awards at the annual NME awards ceremony (Best British Band, Best Live Band, Best Track and Hero of the Year for Ryan Jarman). Through this they were asked to headline the annual NME Awards Tour, which they undertook through January and February featuring some of the bands largest headline shows up to that point and culminating in a show at the o2 Arena in London. They also made a live appearance at the Awards ceremony itself, playing "I'm a Realist" and a cover of The Smiths' "Panic", featuring their new guitarist Johnny Marr (of the aforementioned The Smiths), who had been guesting with them throughout the tour. Another USA tour followed this, and then some more festival appearances including main stage slots at the Isle of Wight Festival, Rockness, Primavera Festival, Fuji Rock and Sziget, as well as a headline appearance on the John Peel Stage at Glastonbury, and headlining the second stage at Reading and Leeds Festivals.

''Ignore the Ignorant'' (2009–2010)

After a chance meeting with Johnny Marr (at the time a member of Modest Mouse) in Portland, OR The Cribs and Johnny became close friends. Once Modest Mouse completed touring duties for their record, The Cribs and Johnny started to hang around and jam together - "It's been going well and it would be shame to cut it short, the original intention was to be doing an EP" the band told BBC 6 Music in January 2008. However it was later announced that they would be working on an album together and that Johhny had joined as a full-time member of the group.

Much of the remainder of 2008 was spent writing new material in Portland, OR, Manchester and Wakefield, followed by a short UK tour taking in Glasgow ABC, Bradford St. Georges Hall, two nights at Manchester Ritz, and Heaven in London to road-test some of the new songs before recording commenced. Studio time was booked for March 2009 in Los Angeles with veteran producer Nick Launay (Nick Cave, PIL, Yeah Yeah Yeahs). Ross Jarman performed most of the drum tracks for the recording with a broken wrist after a skateboard accident.

Preceded by the single "Cheat On Me", the album ''Ignore the Ignorant'' was released on 7 September 2009, and scored The Cribs their first UK Top Ten album. Released the same week that The Beatles re-issued their entire 13 LP back-catalogue, Ignore The Ignorant managed to out-sell all but two of them to chart at number 8, something the band described as "surreal". Touring began with a headline slot at the White Air festival in Brighton followed by a UK tour of large halls. The band then went on to tour Japan (including a show at Budokan with Arctic Monkeys) then on to South Korea where they headlined the Grand Mint festival at the Olympic Park, Seoul. Next was a USA/Canada tour, as well as a European arena tour with Franz Ferdinand before The Cribs returned to the UK for their largest headline shows to date.

In December 2009, ''Ignore the Ignorant'' was placed at number 11 in ''Mojo'' magazine's "Albums of the Year", and at number 7 in ''The Fly's'' "Albums of the Year". NME also placed it at #30 in their end of year list, as well as making "Cheat On Me" a track of the year. In Japan, ''Crossbeat'' magazine placed it at #8 in its "Albums of 2009" list, whilst ''Music Magazine'' called it the #1 album of 2009. Both magazines are leading publications in Japan. At the same time, ''The New Fellas'' was named an "Album of the Century" by ''Q''.

2010 began with another extensive USA and Canada tour, before heading off for dates in Australia and New Zealand. Festival appearances including Glastonbury, Lollapalooza, Fuji Rock, Benecassim, and Pukkelpop amongst others followed. During this time the band were invited to support Aerosmith at two arena shows in Spain and France. For Record Store Day 2010 The Cribs released "So Hot Now" as a split 7" single with Portland, OR band The Thermals on legendary riot grrrl label Kill Rock Stars. On 9 August 2010, BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe announced during his show that he would be playing a brand new Cribs song that night. The very next day, "Housewife" was released officially on iTunes. No one, from music industry insiders to the band's fans, had any idea that a new single was being geared up until that moment. The cover art featured Ryan and Gary in drag. Later that month the band appeared on the main stage once again at the Reading and Leeds festivals to close the album campaign. These would be Marr's last shows with The Cribs.

''In the Belly of the Brazen Bull'' (2011–present)

After announcing Marr's departure from the group on 11 April 2011, The Cribs started work on writing the follow up to ''Ignore the Ignorant'', mooted for a May 2012 release. They played several headlining slots at UK festivals in 2011, as well as a show at Le Zenith in Paris with The Strokes. In June 2011 they made their first trip to Brazil, playing two shows in São Paulo. In December 2011 they headlined the Clockenflap festival in Hong Kong.

The Cribs announced the title of their fifth studio album as ''In the Belly of the Brazen Bull'' and its track-listing on 14 January 2012. The album was recorded at Tarbox Road studio in New York with David Fridmann, London’s Abbey Road and Chicago's EAR studio with engineer Steve Albini. The expected release date of the album is 7 May 2012. On 14 February, BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe premiered the first taster from the album, "Chi-Town", on his radio show and played the song 3 times. During this time, both the band and the song title were trending on Twitter.

On 29 February 2012, ''In the Belly of the Brazen Bull'' was made available for pre-order via the Wichita Recordings web store. Pre-order options include various bundles containing items such as an exclusive t-shirt, a 'making of the album' DVD and a signed poster, as well as the chance to win a ‘Golden Laminate’ which will gain free entry to any Cribs headline show in the world, for life.

Band members

;Current members

Gary Jarman – bass, vocals (2000–present)

Ryan Jarman – guitar, vocals (2000–present)

Ross Jarman – drums (2000–present)

;Former members

Johnny Marr – guitar (2008–2011)

;Touring members

David Jones – guitar (2011–present)

Discography

Studio albums

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:50px;"|Year ! rowspan="2" style="width:200px;"|Album details ! style="width:60px;"|Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;"|Certifications(sales thresholds) |- !style="width:4em;font-size:70%;"|UK |- |2004 |align="left"| ''The Cribs''

Released: 1 July 2004

Label: Wichita Recordings

Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download

|96 |align="left"| |- |2005 |align="left"| ''The New Fellas''

Released: 1 July 2005

Label: Wichita Recordings

Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download

|78 |align="left"|

UK: Silver

|- |2007 |align="left"| ''Men's Needs, Women's Needs, Whatever''

Released: 21 May 2007

Label: Wichita Recordings, Warner Bros. Records

Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download

|13 |align="left"|

UK: Silver

|- |2009 |align="left"| ''Ignore the Ignorant''

Released: 7 September 2009

Label: Wichita Recordings, Warner Bros. Records

Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download

|8 |align="left"|

UK: Silver

|- |2012 |align="left"| ''In the Belly of the Brazen Bull''

Released: 7 May 2012

Label: Wichita Recordings

Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download

| | |}

Singles

Year	Title	Chart positions	Album
		! style="width:45px;"
	"Baby Don't Sweat" (limited edition of 1000, to be reissued Nov 2012)
"You Were Always the One"
"What About Me"
	"Hey Scenesters!"
"Mirror Kissers"
"Martell"
"You're Gonna Lose Us"
	"Men's Needs"
2008	"I'm a Realist" (Chart ineligible vinyl-only release)
	"Cheat On Me"
"We Share the Same Skies" (Chart ineligible vinyl-only release)
2010	"Housewife" (Unannounced surprise single. Vinyl and download only)
2012	"Chi-Town" (Chart ineligible free download)
2012	"Come On, Be a No-One"

References

External links

The Cribs official site

Category:English indie rock groups Category:Music in Yorkshire Category:People from Wakefield Category:Post-punk revival music groups

de:The Cribs es:The Cribs fr:The Cribs ko:크립스 it:The Cribs lt:The Cribs nl:The Cribs ja:ザ・クリブス pl:The Cribs ru:The Cribs sv:The Cribs th:เดอะคริบส์ zh:The Cribs

name	Kyle Richards
birth name	Kyle Egan Richards
birth date	January 11, 1969
birth place	Hollywood, CA
occupation	Actress and Television Personality
yearsactive	1974-present
spouse	Guraish Aldjufrie (1988-1992)Mauricio Umansky (1996 - present)
website	http://www.kylerichards.net/ }}

Kyle Egan Richards (born January 11, 1969) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for returning to television with her sister, Kim Richards, on Bravo's ''The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills''.

Early life

Richards was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of Sharon Kathleen (née Dugan; 1933–2002) and Kenneth Edwin Richards (1917–1998). The couple separated in 1972 and Kathleen later remarried twice more. Richards' siblings are Kathy Hilton (her older half-sister from her mother's first marriage to Lawrence Avanzino; born 1959) and Kim Richards (born 1964). Nicky and Paris Hilton are her nieces.

Career

Richards began acting in 1975. She appeared in several episodes of the television series ''Little House on the Prairie'' as Mr. Edward's adopted daughter, Alicia Sanderson Edwards. Her sister, Kim Richards (of ''Witch Mountain'' fame and various other very popular Disney films), also appeared once on the series, playing Laura's friend Olga, a shy child with one leg shorter than the other, who gets fitted with a hand-made wooden shoe by Laura's father, which finally enables her to run and play normally with the other children.

Throughout the 1970s Richards guest starred in several television series and acted in a few horror films: ''The Car'', ''Eaten Alive'', and ''Halloween'', in which she played Lindsey Wallace, one of the two children whom Laurie Strode babysits. In 1980 she appeared opposite Bette Davis and Lynn-Holly Johnson in the Disney children's horror film ''The Watcher in the Woods'', playing a terrorized young girl. Most of her 1980s roles were minor, and included made-for-television, direct-to-video, or other video work.

Subsequent roles include Nurse Dori on the hit television series ''ER'' (1998–2006)-(21 episodes) and Lisa, a supporting character in the film ''National Lampoon's Pledge This!''. She has also appeared in episodes of her niece Paris Hilton's reality series ''The Simple Life'' and ''My New BFF''.

Richards appears in the Bravo reality series ''The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills'', which the first season aired from October 2010 through February 2011. She and her sister, Kim Richards, are both currently appearing in the show's second season still airing on Bravo with the rest of the cast.

She appeared in a new thriller film, ''Deadly Sibling Rivalry'', as Tricia, a woman left inside a freezer in which she dies, by disturbed evil twins Callie/Janna, played by Charisma Carpenter.

Personal life

At 19 Richards had daughter Farrah (born 1988), and quickly married Guraish Aldjufrie after finding out she was pregnant . They divorced soon after when Richards was 21.

Richards met second husband Mauricio Umansky in 1994. Umansky is a Mexican of Greek, Russian, Lithuanian and Turkish heritage . The couple have three daughters: Alexia (born 1996), Sophia (born 1999) and Portia (born 2008).

Richards, who is of Irish and Welsh descent, converted to Judaism when she married Umansky.

The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills reality star Kyle Richards, who is also an actress, producer, and author, announced today that she will partner with upscale fashion retailer Alene Too to launch an innovative boutique concept, “Kyle by Alene Too.” The concept, which will open its first location at Brighton Way and Bedford Drive in Beverly Hills in June 2012, will feature exciting new fashions, trends and accessories by the world’s top exclusive designers.

Filmography

''Halloween (1978 film) ''The Watcher in the Woods'' ''Halloween II'' ''Curfew'' ''Escape (1990 film) ''Pledge This!'' ''Deadly Sibling Rivalry''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="2"	1977	''The Car''	Debbie
''Eaten Alive''	Angie
1978 in film	1978	Halloween'' ||	Lindsey Wallace
1980 in film	1980	|	Ellie Curtis
1981 in film	1981	|	Lindsey Wallace	Archival footage
1989 in film	1989	|	Stephanie Davenport
1990 in film	1990	Escape'' ||	Lydia
2006 in film	2006	|	Lisa
2011 in film	2011	|	Tricia

Television appearances

''ER'' (1998–2006)- Nurse Dori (21 episodes)

''7th Heaven'' (2003)- Matt's Patient (1 episode)

''The Simple Life'' (2003)- Herself (uncredited) (1 episode)

''Beverly Hills, 90210'' (1999)- Anna Murphy (1 episode)

''Love Boat: The Next Wave'' (1998)- Scheming Women (1 episode)

''Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher'' (1998)- Unknown (1 episode)

''Down to Earth'' (1984–1985) - Elizabeth "Lissy" Preston (12 episodes)

''CHiPS'' (1982)- Jodi (1 episode)

''Little House on the Prairie'' (1975–1982) - Alicia Sanderson Edwards (recurring) (19 episodes)

''Concrete Cowboys'' (1981) - Isobel (1 episode)

''Carter Country'' (1979)- Gerry (4 episodes)

''Fantasy Island - "Cornelius and Alfonse" and "The Choice" - Season 2 Episode 23 - 1979'' (1979) - The little girl Rebecca (1 episode)

''Vega$'' (1979)- Julie Travis (1 episode)

''Flying High'' (1978)- Katie (1 episode)

''Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color'' (1978)- Naomi (1 episode)

''Police Woman'' (1974)- Julie (1 episode)

References

External links

Kyle Richards Official Web Site

Kyle Richards facebook page

Kyle Richards finalist in Real Housewives of Beverly Hills

Category:1969 births Category:Actors from California Category:American child actors Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:Living people Category:Participants in American reality television series Category:People from Hollywood, Los Angeles Category:The Real Housewives cast members

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